《狂人日记》是鲁迅的一篇短篇小说,也是中国第一篇白话小说。1918年5月15日发表于《新青年》杂志。收录在鲁迅的短篇小说集《呐喊》中。它由13则日记组成,记录了“狂人”的精神状态和心理活动,深刻揭露了集权专制社会的“吃人”本质,表现出彻底反对集权专制社会的战斗精神。在艺术上运用了现实主义和象征主义相结合的手法。是中国现代文学史上第一篇白话小说。 (支持10楼)
明清时期短篇白话小说
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夏夏夏小敏
个人推荐“三言二拍”即《喻世明言》、《警世通言》、《醒世恒言》,合称《三言》,是最重要的中国古代白话短篇小说集之一。通常亦与凌濛初的“二拍”,即《初刻拍案惊奇》、《二刻拍案惊奇》并称,称为“三言二拍”。
《喻世明言》是明末冯梦龙纂辑的白话短篇小说集。《喻世明言》最初版本名为《古今小说》,全称全像古今小说。后重印改名为《喻世明言》,以与“三言”其他作品书名相配。全书40卷,每卷1篇,共计40篇。它和通言、恒言一样,为宋元明话本小说。
《喻世明言》中故事产生的时代,包括宋、元、明三代,其中多数为宋元旧作话本,例如“史弘肇龙虎君臣会”、“宋四公大闹禁魂张”,少数为明朝拟话本,例如“蒋兴哥重会珍珠衫”、“沈小霞相会出师表”。另外有些是明人对宋元旧作的改编加工,例如“新桥市韩五卖春情”、“闹阴司司马貌断狱”等。由于产生年代不同,因此在内容、手法、语言、风格等方面存在一定差异,但又因为属于同一个小说发展系统,其题材也都和城市生活联系密切,所以各篇之间还有很多共通之处。其中“金玉奴棒打薄情郎”谴责了负心男子对爱情的不忠;“蒋兴哥重会珍珠衫”描写了对失身妻子旧情难忘而破镜重圆;“羊角哀舍命全交”、“吴保安弃家赎友”、“范巨卿鸡黍死生交”等则歌颂了不计生死利害而忠于友情的精神;而“杨思温燕山逢故人”、“木绵庵郑虎臣报冤”、“杨八老越国奇逢”则触及了异族入侵、权臣误国等现实政治题材。《喻世明言》还收录和改编了一些历史传奇故事,例如“晏平仲二桃杀三士”。此外,《喻世明言》各篇小说多取材于现实生活,主题涵盖爱情、婚姻、朋友情义等,展现了当其时的社会百态。
《警世通言》是明末冯梦龙纂辑的白话短篇小说集。完成于天启四年(1624),收录宋、元、明时期话本、拟话本40篇。一般认为,这些作品都经过编撰者不同程度的加工、整理。题材或来自现实生活,或取自前人笔记小说。
《警世通言》内容丰富,有反映市民生活的崔待诏生死冤家,反映妇女生活的小夫人金钱赠平少、白娘子永镇雷峰塔、《杜十娘怒沉百宝箱》及反映爱情生活的乐小舍生觅偶等作品。
总体而言,《警世通言》的题材主要涉及以下几个方面:其一,婚姻爱情与女性命运。其二,功名利禄与人世沧桑。其三,奇事冤案与怪异世界。从各个角度呈现了当时生活中的社会百态。
《醒世恒言》是明末冯梦龙纂辑的白话短篇笔记集。该书收录了宋、元以来话本、拟话本40篇,风格各异,这些故事,有来源于史传的,也有出于历代笔记、小说的,而最多最根本的源头,则直接来自民间传说的故事,来自社会的实际生活。通过这些故事情节和人物形象,从不同的角度、不同的程度上,反映了当时的社会生活、人民的愿望。其内容丰富,有反映爱情婚姻的;有抑扬封建官吏,暴露吏治黑暗的;有讴歌行侠仗义,谴责忘恩负义的。故事情节离奇曲折,人物个性鲜明,充满情趣。
该书40篇故事中,宋、元旧作比前“二言”少,约占六分之一左右,确认为宋元旧作的有小水湾天狐贻书、勘皮靴单证二郎神、闹樊楼多情周胜仙、金海陵纵欲亡身、郑节使立功神臂弓、十五贯戏言成巧祸等篇。其中闹樊楼多情周胜仙、十五贯戏言成巧祸这两篇作品在整个宋元话本中都是上乘之作。其余绝大部分是明人话本和拟话本。
《初刻拍案惊奇》是一部脍炙人口的奇书,共有短篇小说40篇,它以人民大众喜闻乐见的“拟话本”形式,描写了众多引人入胜的故事,如商人由厄运而致富,读书人由贫寒而成名;清官们断案如神,贪吏们枉法如虎;恶棍们奸淫揽讼,骗子们尔虞我诈;青年们怎样追求忠贞不贰的爱情,而封建礼教又如何制造婚姻悲剧。语言通俗简练;情节曲折起伏,扑朔迷离,然又合乎情理;人物内心刻划细致入微,艺术形象栩栩如生,历来评价甚高。
《二刻拍案惊奇》共有作品40篇,但卷二十三大姊魂游完宿愿,小姨病起续前缘与《初刻拍案惊奇》同卷篇目相同,卷四十宋公明闹元宵杂剧系杂剧,故实有小说38篇。《二刻拍案惊奇》以人民大众喜闻乐见的“拟话本”形式,描写了众多引人入胜的故事,概括地说,该书的内容,主要包括以下几个方面:一、表现爱情婚姻和两性关系;二、表现封建官吏的思想行为;三、表现商人生活。
个人觉得看你对哪个比较感兴趣,选择一本读一读,会受益匪浅。
Miss Ma
Good Boy
Little Robert asked his mother for two cents. "What did you do with the money I gave you yesterday?"
"I gave it to a poor old woman," he answered.
"You're a good boy," said the mother proudly. "Here are two cents more. But why are you so interested in the old woman?"
"She is the one who sells the candy."
好孩子
小罗伯特向妈妈要两分钱。
“昨天给你的钱干什么了?”
“我给了一个可怜的老太婆,”他回答说。 “你真是个好孩子,”妈妈骄傲地说。“再给你两分钱。可你为什么对那位老太太那么感兴趣呢?”
“她是个卖糖果的。”
Nest and Hair
My sister, a primary school teacher, was informed by one of her pupils that a bird had built its nest in the tree outside the classroom.
"What kind of bird?" my sister asked.
"I didn't see the bird, ma' am, only the nest," replied the child.
"Then, can you give us a description of the nest?" my sister encouraged her .
"Well, ma'am, it just resembles your hair. "
Notes:
(1) inform v.告诉
(2) nest n.窝;巢
(3) description n.描述
(4) encourage v.鼓励
(5) resemble v. 相似;类似
18.鸟窝与头发
我姐姐是一位小学老师。一次一个学生告诉她说一只鸟儿在教室外 的树上垒了个窝。
“是什么鸟呢?”我姐姐问她。
“我没看到鸟儿,老师,只看到鸟窝。”那孩子回答说。
“那么,你能给我们描述一下这个鸟巢吗?”我姐姐鼓励她道。
“哦,老师,就像你的头发一样。”
I've Just Bitten My Tongue
"Are we poisonous?" the young snake asked his mother.
"Yes, dear," she replied - "Why do you ask?"
"Cause I've just bitten my tongue! "
Notes:
(1) poisonous adj.有毒的
(2) Cause I've just bitten my tongue 因为我刚咬了自己的舌头。 句中 Cause 是 Because 的缩略形式。
我刚咬破自己的舌头
“我们有毒吗?”一个年幼的蛇问它的母亲。
“是的,亲爱的,”她回答说,“你问这个干什么?”
“因为我刚刚咬破自己的舌头。”
A Woman Who Fell
It was rush hour and I was dashing to a train in New York City's Grand Central Terminal - As I neared the gate, a plump, middle-aged woman sprinted up from behind, lost her footing on the smooth marble floor and slid onto her back. Her momentum carried her close to my shoes. Before I could help her, however, she had scrambled up. Gaining her composure, she winked at me and said, "Do you always have beautiful women failing at your feet?"
摔倒的女人
上下班高峰期,我匆匆奔向纽约豪华中心站去赶一趟火车。接近门口,一位肥胖的中年妇女从后面冲过来,没想到在平滑的大理石地面上失了脚,仰面滑倒了。她的惯性使她接近了我的脚。我正准备扶她,她却自己爬了起来。她镇定了一下,对我挤了一下眉,说道:“总是有漂亮女人拜倒在你脚下吗?”
英语笑话(一)
Q: What's the difference between a monkey and a flea?
A: A monkey can have fleas, but a flea can't have monkeys.
猴子会和跳蚤有什么不同呢?你可能会直接的想到它们俩是一大一小。但除此之外呢,那就是猴子身上可以长跳蚤,而跳蚤身上却不能有猴子。这个答案很有意思吧?
Q: How can you most irritate a farmer?
A: By treading on his corn?
如果你踩了农夫的玉米或是谷物,他肯定会生气的;而如果你踩了农夫脚底的鸡眼,他会更生气。Corn既可以表示“玉米/谷物”,也有“鸡眼”的意思。
Q: Which is the strongest creature in the world?
A: The snail. It carries its house on its back.
因为snail(蜗牛)的后背上总是背着一所房子,所以说蜗牛是世界上最强壮的生物是不足为奇的。你说呢?
Q: What do people do in a clock factory?
A: They make faces all day.
一看到make faces这个短语,你可千万别以为是在钟表厂工作的人整天都做鬼脸呀!因为除了这个意思以外,它还可以从字面上解释为制造钟面。
Q: How do you stop a sleepwalker from walking in his sleep?
A: Keep him awake.
怎样才能不让梦游者(sleepwalker)梦游(walk in his sleep)呢?最简单的方法就是不让他睡觉。虽然这不是治疗方法,但如果让梦游者醒着呢,他的确就不会去梦游了。
英语笑话(二)
He is really somebody
-- My uncle has 1000 men under him.
-- He is really somebody. What does he do?
-- A maintenance man in a cemetery.
他真是一个大人物
-- 我叔叔下面有1000个人。
-- 他真是一个大人物。干什么的?
-- 墓地守墓人。
英语笑话(三)
Not long after an old Chinese woman came back to China from her visit to her daughter in the States, she went to a city bank to deposit the US dollars her daughter gave her. At the bank counter, the clerk checked each note carefully to see if the money was real. It made the old lady out of patience.
At last she could not hold any more, uttering. "Trust me, Sir, and trust the money. They are real US dollars. They are directly from America."
它们是从美国直接带来的
一位中国老妇人在美国看望女儿回来不久,到一家市银行存女儿送给她的美元。在银行柜台,银行职员认真检查了每一张钞票,看是否有假。
这种做法让老妇人很不耐烦,最后实在忍耐不住说:“相信我,先生,也请你相信这些钞票。这都是真正的美元,它们是从美国直接带来的。”
英语笑话(四)my little dog can't read
Mrs. Brown: Oh, my dear, I have lost my precious little dog!
Mrs. Smith: But you must put an advertisement in the papers!
Mrs. Brown: It's no use, my little dog can't read.
我的狗不识字
布朗夫人:哦,
亲爱的,我把珍爱的小狗给丢了!
史密斯夫人:可是你该在报纸上登广告啊!
布朗夫人:没有用的,我的小狗不认识字。”
英语笑话(五)Bring me the winner
-- Waiter, this lobster has only one claw.
-- I'm sorry, sir. It must have been in a fight.
-- Well, bring me the winner then.
给我那个打赢的吧
-- 服务员,
这个龙虾只有一只爪。
-- 对不起,先生,这只肯定打过架了。
-- 哦, 那给我那个打赢的吧。
英语笑话(六)The mean man's party.
The notorious cheap skate finally decided to have a party. Explaining to a friend how to find his apartment, he said, "Come up to 5M and ring the doorbell with your elbow. When the door open, push with your foot."
"Why use my elbow and foot?"
"Well, gosh," was the reply, "You're not coming empty-hangded, are you?"
吝啬鬼请客
一个出了名的吝啬鬼终于决定要请一次客了。他在向一个朋友解释怎么找到他家时说:“你上到五楼,找中间那个门,然后用你的胳膊肘按门铃。门开了之后,再用你的脚把门推开。”
“为什么要用我的肘和脚呢?”
“你的双手得拿礼物啊。天哪,你总不会空着手来吧?”吝啬鬼回答。
英语笑话(七)Advice for "Kid"
A bit of advice for those about to retire. If you are only 65, never move to a retirement community. Everybody else is n their 70s, 80s, or 90s. So when something has to be moved, lifted or loaded, they yell,"Get the kid."
忠告“年轻者”
这里想对将要退休者提一点忠告。如果你只有65岁的话,
千万别进退休社区。因为那里人人都七八十岁或者八九十岁了。每当要搬东西,抬东西或者装东西时,他们就叫喊,“让小的干吧。”
英语笑话(八)Which woman?
One evening I drove my husband's car to the shopping mall.
On my return, I noticed that how dusty the outside of his car was and cleaned it up a bit.When I finally entered the house, I called out."The woman who loves you the most in the world just cleaned your headlights and windshield."
My husband looked up and said, "Mom's here?"
哪一位女人?
一天晚上我开着丈夫的车去购物,回来后发现车身沾满灰尘,于是擦洗了一阵。当我终于走进屋里时大声喊:“世界上最爱你的女人刚擦洗了你的车灯和挡风玻璃。”
我丈夫抬头看了看,说:“妈妈来了?”
英语笑话(九)The doctor lives downstairs
"Doctor," she said loudly, bouncing into the room, "I want you to say frankly what's wrong with me."
He surveyed her from head to foot. "Madam," he said at length, "I've just three things to tell you. First, your weight wants reducing by nearly fifty pounds. Second, your beauty could be improved if you used about one tenth as much rouge and lipstick. And third, I'm an artist---the doctor lives downstairs."
医生住在楼下
“医生”她冲进屋后大声说道。
“我想让你坦率地说我到底得了什么病。”
他从头到脚打量打量她,然后大声说:“太太,我有三件事要对你说。第一,您的体重需要减少大约50磅;第二,如果您要用上十分之一的胭脂和口红,您的美貌将会改变。第三,我是一位画家——医生住在楼下。”
英语笑话(十)One Engine Left
A 747 was halfway across the Atlantic when the captain got on the loud speaker, "Attention, passengers. We have lost one of our engines, but we can certainly reach London with the three we have left. Unfortunately, we will arrive an hour late as a r esult."
Shortly thereafter, the passengers heard the captain's voice again, "Guess what, folks. We just lost our third engine, but please be assured we can fly with only one. We will now arrive in London three hours late."
At this point, one passenger became furious. "For Pete's sake," he shouted, "If we lose another engine, we'll be up here all night!"
只剩一个引擎
一架747客机正在跨越大西洋时,喇叭里传来了机长的声音:“旅客们请注意,我们的四个引擎中有一个丢失了。但剩下的三个引擎会把我们带到伦敦的。只是我们要因此晚到一小时 。” 过了一会儿,旅客们又听到机长的声音:“各位,你们猜怎么啦?我们刚又掉了第三个引擎。但请你们相信好了。只有一个引擎我们也能飞,但要晚三个小时了。” 正在这时,一位乘客非常气愤地说:“看在上帝的份上,如果我们再掉一个引擎,我们就要整夜都要呆在天上了。”
回答者:lovemydream - 高级经理 七级 7-5 10:08
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其他回答共 2 条
Logic Reasoning 逻辑推理
A fourth-grade teacher was giving her pupils a lesson on logic.
"Here is the situation," she said. "a man is standing up in a boat in the middle of a river, fishing. He loses his balance, falls in, and begins splashing and yellin
g for help. His wife hears the commotion, knows that he can't swim, and runs down to the bank. Why do you think she ran to the bank?"
A girl raised her hand and asked, "to draw out all of his savings?"
逻辑推理
小学四年级的教师正在给学生们上一堂逻辑课。她举了这么一个例子:“有这样一种情况,一个男人在河中心的船上钓鱼,突然失去重心掉进了水里。于是他开始挣扎并喊救命。他的妻子听到了他的喊声,知道他并不会游泳,所以她就急忙跑向河岸。谁能告诉我这是为什么?” 一个女生举手答道,“是不是去取他的存款?”
[注]bank在英语中除了我们平时很熟悉的“银行”之外,还有“河岸”的意思。
Have You Ceased Beating Your Wife?你停止打你老婆了吗?
This story is told of a browbeating counsel,who habitually endeavored to terrorize his opponent‘s witnesses.
One witness rather tended to preface his replies with lengthy explanations.
“I want‘yes’or‘no,’”thundered counsel.“There is no need for you to argue the point!”
“But there are some questions which cannot be answered by‘yes’or‘no,’”mildly responded the witness.
“There are not!” snapped the lawyer.
“Oh,” said the witness,“answer this then:“Have you ceased beating your wife?”
这个故事讲的是一个咄咄逼人的辩护律师,他惯于尽量去恐吓对方的证人。
有一个证人有点倾向于在回答问题之前做冗长的解释。
“我要你回答‘是’或者‘不是’,”辩护律师怒喝道: “你没有必要就这个问题进行争论。”
“可是有些问题无法用‘是’或者‘不是’来回答。”这位证人温和地回敬他。
“不存在这样的问题!”律师厉声打断他。
“噢,”证人说:“那么请你回答这个问题:“你停止打你老婆了吗?”
Two Birds
Teacher: Here are two birds, one is a swallow, the other is sparrow. Now who can tell us which is which?
Student: I cannot point out but I know the answer.
Teacher: Please tell us.
Student: The swallow is beside the sparrow and the sparrow is beside the swallow.
两只鸟
老师: 这儿有两只鸟,一只是麻雀。谁能指出哪只是燕子,哪只是麻雀吗?
学生:我指不出,但我知道答案。
老师:请说说看。
学生:燕子旁边的就是麻雀,麻雀旁边的就是燕子。
"Can you tell me what fish net is made, Ann?"
"A lot of little holes tied together with strings." replied the little girl.
鱼网
"你能告诉我鱼网是什么做的吗,安?" 老师发问道。
"把许多小孔用绳子栓在一起就成了鱼网了。" 小女孩回答道。
昨天夜里我爸妈表演“混合双打”
Teacher of Physical Education: Have you ever seen mixed doubles,boys?
体育老师:孩子们,你们见过男女混合双打吗?
Nick: Yes,sir. Quite of ten. I saw it even last night.
尼克:见过,老师,经常见。就在昨天夜里我还见过呢!
Teacher: Please tell us some thing about it.
老师:那你给大家讲讲当时的情形吧。
Nick: Oh,sorry,sir. My father always says, "Domestic shame should not be published.”
尼克:啊,对不起,老师。我爸爸常说:“家丑不可外扬。”(
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你好,希望采纳!
原贴:求短篇笑话或短篇故事。
义合客嶘
my0237
绿痕的地字六号房天字二号房天字一号房
你喜欢女主淡定的啊~我喜欢女主聪明狡猾的,呵呵~
这些是我最近喜欢的睡得好吗老婆狡猾无法自拔肉包子相公娘子且容情恶女硬上轿系列贼窝一家亲系列皇帝的刁蛮妃越毒越甜蜜师兄别寂寞另外古灵的所有小说都非常好看,很多女主都很有个性的~呵呵!~看的书也不多,希望你也喜欢~
原贴:短篇言情小说,短篇的~~
liberal
原贴:短篇言情小说,短篇的~~
小番茄走天涯
原贴:求短篇笑话或短篇故事。
我是谁
原贴:求短篇笑话或短篇故事。
Phoenix*
Aly_Y
flyandflyindanc
在路上的坏小孩
原贴:中国第一部白话短篇小说集
simolily
蛐蛐
摩羯小水瓶
原贴:第一部白话短篇小说集
Jeep飞鸟
7138
kongyue
q í .
原贴:短篇名著或散文(短篇的)
恬あ厓